A new dossier from Cuba Siglo 21 analyzes how Cuban advice was key in the creation and consolidation of the Cartel de los Soles in Venezuela, documents Havana’s participation as a political, military, and intelligence guarantor of the Venezuelan narco-state, and refers to its role in initially facilitating Caracas’ alliance with international actors such as Russia, Iran, China, as well as with various narco-terrorist organizations.










